At the end of the last glacial period, Hunter-Gatherers occupying the Near-East had adopted a new way of life including permanent settlements and farming. Beyond an obvious change in subsistence pattern, this Neolithisation process entails an upheaval of ideologies, social organisation, territories and techniques. Failing in understanding the « mechanism » of this profound change of the prehistoric societies, archaeology is trying, however, to reconstruct its major steps of development. As a specific case of study ones expounds here the potential of anthropology for enriching some of these issues thanks to data brought by the skeletons them-selves or facts revealed by the spatial organisation of the graves.