This PHD lesson focuses on the development of unconventional forms of agricultural land management in relation to a survey carried out in a rural area close to Lyon and to the citizen engagement in the French association Terre de Liens. Such alternatives will be adressed in a dual contexte of action, pointed both at maintaining peasant agriculture in opposition to dominant model of industrial agriculture, and at developping resource management methods and forms of social action « in common ». The French example thus can be discussed in comparison with Italian situations and practices, giving rise to a cross-examination of the notions of local development and bioregion.