The recognition of homosexuality and subsequent condemning of homophobia has been the result of arduous work by the European Court of Human Rights, which has gradually developed the European Human Rights Convention in support of the private and family life of LGBT (lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transsexuals), as well as other fundamental rights such as the freedom of association and freedom of expression. In only a short time, the situation has changed from the justification of discrimination to the criminalization of homophobia. This chapter summarizes the legal history of this process.