Systemic Functional Linguistics and the case of oratory
Résumé
This presentation focuses on specific instances of spoken communication which can be modelled within the socio-semiotic of “Spoken & monologic” (Halliday and Matthiessen 2014: 39). In the contemporary context, public speaking has been the object of a renewal and a revival, notably thanks to digitally-mediated formats. These examples of “digital oratory” fall into several categories, including “the New Oratory” (Rossette-Crake 2019), whereby a speaker addresses both a face-to-face audience and an online audience (e.g. the first generation of TED talks), but also “social media oratory” (Rossette-Crake 2022), whereby a speaker addresses solely an online audience within the specific “hyper-discursive” space (Maddox & Creech 2020: 2) of social media. After discussing the specific status of spoken monologic mode within linguistic scholarship, as informed for instance by the distinction between spoken and written language (Martin 1984; Halliday 1985; Halliday and Martin 1993; Eggins 2004), public speaking is modelled both linguistically and discursively. The focus is then placed on digital oratory, mainly social media oratory. This category is examined in terms of linguistic and multimodal choices, as well as the social interface. Indeed, digital oratory confirms the trends associated with the technologisation of discourse, and its underpinnings as socio-semiotic (Fairclough 1993). Moreover, social media oratory reflects important stakes in terms of speaker power, and in terms of participation in public debate, and hence provides an object of important future research agendas.