Journal Articles Sports Medicine Year : 2021

Training During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices of 12,526 Athletes from 142 Countries and Six Continents

Jad Adrian Washif , Abdulaziz Farooq (1) , Isabel Krug , David Pyne (2) , Evert Verhagen (3) , Lee Taylor (4) , Del Wong , Iñigo Mujika , Cristina Cortis , Monoem Haddad , Omid Ahmadian , Mahmood Al Jufaili , Ramzi Al-Horani , Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi , Asma Aloui (5) , Achraf Ammar (6) , Fitim Arifi , Abdul Rashid Aziz , Mikhail Batuev , Christopher Martyn Beaven , Ralph Beneke , Arben Bici , Pallawi Bishnoi , Lone Bogwasi , Daniel Bok , Omar Boukhris , Daniel Boullosa , Nicola Bragazzi , Joao Brito , Roxana Paola Palacios Cartagena , Anis Chaouachi , Stephen Cheung , Hamdi Chtourou , Germina Cosma , Tadej Debevec , Matthew Delang , Alexandre Dellal , Gürhan Dönmez , Tarak Driss , Juan David Peña Duque , Cristiano Eirale , Mohamed Elloumi , Carl Foster , Emerson Franchini , Andrea Fusco , Olivier Galy (7) , Paul Gastin , Nicholas Gill , Olivier Girard , Cvita Gregov , Shona Halson , Omar Hammouda , Ivana Hanzlíková , Bahar Hassanmirzaei , Thomas Haugen , Kim Hébert-Losier , Hussein Muñoz Helú , Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela , Florentina Hettinga , Louis Holtzhausen , Olivier Hue , Antonio Dello Iacono , Johanna Ihalainen , Carl James , Dina Janse van Rensburg , Saju Joseph , Karim Kamoun , Mehdi Khaled , Karim Khalladi , Kwang Joon Kim , Lian-Yee Kok , Lewis Macmillan , Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos (8, 9) , Ryo Matsunaga , Shpresa Memishi , Grégoire Millet , Imen Moussa-Chamari , Danladi Ibrahim Musa , Hoang Minh Thuan Nguyen , Pantelis Nikolaidis , Adam Owen , Johnny Padulo , Jeffrey Cayaban Pagaduan , Nirmala Panagodage Perera , Jorge Pérez-Gómez , Lervasen Pillay , Arporn Popa , Avishkar Pudasaini , Alireza Rabbani , Tandiyo Rahayu , Mohamed Romdhani , Paul Salamh , Abu-Sufian Sarkar , Andy Schillinger , Stephen Seiler , Heny Setyawati , Navina Shrestha , Fatona Suraya , Montassar Tabben , Khaled Trabelsi , Axel Urhausen , Maarit Valtonen , Johanna Weber , Rodney Whiteley , Adel Zrane , Yacine Zerguini , Piotr Zmijewski , Øyvind Sandbakk , Helmi Ben Saad , Karim Chamari
Jad Adrian Washif
Abdulaziz Farooq
ASPETAR Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital [Qatar]
Isabel Krug
David Pyne
University of Canberra
Evert Verhagen
Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,
Lee Taylor
Zoetis
Del Wong
Iñigo Mujika
Cristina Cortis
Monoem Haddad
Omid Ahmadian
  • Function : Author
Mahmood Al Jufaili
Ramzi Al-Horani
Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi
Asma Aloui
Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques
Achraf Ammar
Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg = Otto-von-Guericke University [Magdeburg]
Fitim Arifi
Abdul Rashid Aziz
Mikhail Batuev
Christopher Martyn Beaven
Ralph Beneke
  • Function : Author
Arben Bici
  • Function : Author
Pallawi Bishnoi
  • Function : Author
Lone Bogwasi
  • Function : Author
Daniel Bok
Omar Boukhris
Daniel Boullosa
Nicola Bragazzi
Joao Brito
Roxana Paola Palacios Cartagena
  • Function : Author
Anis Chaouachi
  • Function : Author
Stephen Cheung
Hamdi Chtourou
Germina Cosma
Tadej Debevec
Matthew Delang
  • Function : Author
Alexandre Dellal
  • Function : Author
Gürhan Dönmez
Tarak Driss
Juan David Peña Duque
  • Function : Author
Cristiano Eirale
  • Function : Author
Mohamed Elloumi
Carl Foster
  • Function : Author
Emerson Franchini
Andrea Fusco
Olivier Galy
Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de recherches en éducation
CV
Paul Gastin
Nicholas Gill
  • Function : Author
Olivier Girard
Cvita Gregov
  • Function : Author
Shona Halson
Omar Hammouda
  • Function : Author
Ivana Hanzlíková
Bahar Hassanmirzaei
Thomas Haugen
  • Function : Author
Kim Hébert-Losier
Hussein Muñoz Helú
Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
Florentina Hettinga
Louis Holtzhausen
Olivier Hue
Antonio Dello Iacono
Johanna Ihalainen
Carl James
Dina Janse van Rensburg
Saju Joseph
  • Function : Author
Karim Kamoun
  • Function : Author
Mehdi Khaled
Karim Khalladi
Kwang Joon Kim
  • Function : Author
Lian-Yee Kok
  • Function : Author
Lewis Macmillan
Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos
Coventry University
Canadian University of Dubai
Ryo Matsunaga
  • Function : Author
Shpresa Memishi
  • Function : Author
Grégoire Millet
Imen Moussa-Chamari
CV
Danladi Ibrahim Musa
Hoang Minh Thuan Nguyen
  • Function : Author
Pantelis Nikolaidis
Adam Owen
  • Function : Author
Johnny Padulo
Jeffrey Cayaban Pagaduan
  • Function : Author
Nirmala Panagodage Perera
Jorge Pérez-Gómez
Lervasen Pillay
Arporn Popa
  • Function : Author
Avishkar Pudasaini
  • Function : Author
Alireza Rabbani
Tandiyo Rahayu
Mohamed Romdhani
Paul Salamh
  • Function : Author
Abu-Sufian Sarkar
  • Function : Author
Andy Schillinger
  • Function : Author
Stephen Seiler
Heny Setyawati
Navina Shrestha
  • Function : Author
Fatona Suraya
Montassar Tabben
  • Function : Author
Khaled Trabelsi
Axel Urhausen
  • Function : Author
Maarit Valtonen
Johanna Weber
Rodney Whiteley
Adel Zrane
  • Function : Author
Yacine Zerguini
  • Function : Author
Piotr Zmijewski
Øyvind Sandbakk
Helmi Ben Saad
Karim Chamari

Abstract

Abstract Objective Our objective was to explore the training-related knowledge, beliefs, and practices of athletes and the influence of lockdowns in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods Athletes ( n = 12,526, comprising 13% world class, 21% international, 36% national, 24% state, and 6% recreational) completed an online survey that was available from 17 May to 5 July 2020 and explored their training behaviors (training knowledge, beliefs/attitudes, and practices), including specific questions on their training intensity, frequency, and session duration before and during lockdown (March–June 2020). Results Overall, 85% of athletes wanted to “maintain training,” and 79% disagreed with the statement that it is “okay to not train during lockdown,” with a greater prevalence for both in higher-level athletes. In total, 60% of athletes considered “coaching by correspondence (remote coaching)” to be sufficient (highest amongst world-class athletes). During lockdown, < 40% were able to maintain sport-specific training (e.g., long endurance [39%], interval training [35%], weightlifting [33%], plyometric exercise [30%]) at pre-lockdown levels (higher among world-class, international, and national athletes), with most (83%) training for “general fitness and health maintenance” during lockdown. Athletes trained alone (80%) and focused on bodyweight (65%) and cardiovascular (59%) exercise/training during lockdown. Compared with before lockdown, most athletes reported reduced training frequency (from between five and seven sessions per week to four or fewer), shorter training sessions (from ≥ 60 to < 60 min), and lower sport-specific intensity (~ 38% reduction), irrespective of athlete classification. Conclusions COVID-19-related lockdowns saw marked reductions in athletic training specificity, intensity, frequency, and duration, with notable within-sample differences (by athlete classification). Higher classification athletes had the strongest desire to “maintain” training and the greatest opposition to “not training” during lockdowns. These higher classification athletes retained training specificity to a greater degree than others, probably because of preferential access to limited training resources. More higher classification athletes considered “coaching by correspondence” as sufficient than did lower classification athletes. These lockdown-mediated changes in training were not conducive to maintenance or progression of athletes’ physical capacities and were also likely detrimental to athletes’ mental health. These data can be used by policy makers, athletes, and their multidisciplinary teams to modulate their practice, with a degree of individualization, in the current and continued pandemic-related scenario. Furthermore, the data may drive training-related educational resources for athletes and their multidisciplinary teams. Such upskilling would provide athletes with evidence to inform their training modifications in response to germane situations (e.g., COVID related, injury, and illness).

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Life Sciences [q-bio]

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https://hal.parisnanterre.fr/hal-04585878

Submitted on : Thursday, May 23, 2024-7:46:10 PM

Last modification on : Wednesday, November 13, 2024-3:41:24 AM

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hal-04585878 , version 1 (23-05-2024)

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Jad Adrian Washif, Abdulaziz Farooq, Isabel Krug, David Pyne, Evert Verhagen, et al.. Training During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices of 12,526 Athletes from 142 Countries and Six Continents. Sports Medicine, 2021, 52 (4), pp.933-948. ⟨10.1007/s40279-021-01573-z⟩. ⟨hal-04585878⟩

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CNRS UNIV-LYON1 UNIV-PARIS-LUMIERES UDL LIRE-UNC UNIV-PARIS-NANTERRE ETUDES_OCEANIENNES
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