Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East
Iosif Lazaridis
(1, 2)
,
Dani Nadel
(3)
,
Gary Rollefson
(4)
,
Deborah Merrett
(5)
,
Nadin Rohland
(1)
,
Swapan Mallick
(1, 2, 6)
,
Daniel Fernandes
(7, 8)
,
Mario Novak
(7, 9)
,
Beatriz Gamarra
(7)
,
Kendra Sirak
(7, 10)
,
Sarah Connell
(7)
,
Kristin Stewardson
(1, 6)
,
Eadaoin Harney
(1, 6, 11)
,
Qiaomei Fu
(1, 12, 13)
,
Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes
(14)
,
Eppie R. Jones
(15)
,
Songül Alpaslan Roodenberg
,
György Lengyel
(16)
,
Fanny Bocquentin
(17)
,
Boris Gasparian
(18)
,
Janet Monge
(19)
,
Michael Gregg
(19)
,
Vered Eshed
(20)
,
Ahuva-Sivan Mizrahi
(20)
,
Christopher Meiklejohn
(21)
,
Fokke Gerritsen
(22)
,
Luminita Bejenaru
(23)
,
Matthias Blüher
(24)
,
Archie Campbell
(25)
,
Gianpiero L Cavalleri
(26)
,
David Comas
(27)
,
Philippe Froguel
(28, 29)
,
Edmund Gilbert
(26)
,
Shona M. Kerr
(25)
,
Peter Kovacs
(30)
,
Johannes Krause
(31)
,
Darren Mcgettigan
(7)
,
Michael Merrigan
(32)
,
D. Andrew Merriwether
(33)
,
Seamus O'Reilly
(34)
,
Martin B. Richards
(35)
,
Ornella Semino
(36)
,
Michel Shamoon-Pour
(33)
,
Gheorghe Stefanescu
(37)
,
Michael Stumvoll
(30)
,
Anke Tonjes
(30)
,
Antonio Torroni
(36)
,
James F Wilson
(38, 39)
,
Loic Yengo
(28)
,
Nelli A. Hovhannisyan
(40)
,
Nick Patterson
(2)
,
Ron Pinhasi
(7)
,
David Reich
(1, 2, 6)
1
Department of Genetics [Boston]
2 BROAD INSTITUTE - Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
3 Zinman Institute of Archaeology [Haifa]
4 Whitman College
5 SFU.ca - Simon Fraser University = Université Simon Fraser
6 HHMI - Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Boston]
7 UCD - University College Dublin [Dublin]
8 Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
9 Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
10 Emory University [Atlanta, GA]
11 OEB - Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge]
12 Department of Evolutionary Genetics
13 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins
14 UniFE - Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara
15 Department of Zoology [Cambridge]
16 University of Miskolc
17 Ethnologie préhistorique
18 NAS RA - National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan]
19 Penn Museum - University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
20 IAA - Israel Antiquities Authority
21 University of Winnipeg
22 Netherlands Institute in Turkey
23 UAIC - Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași = Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iași
24 Clinic of Endocrinology and Nephrology [Leipzig]
25 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
26 RCSI - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
27 Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF)
28 EGENODIA (GI3M) - Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283
29 Imperial College London
30 Universityhospital of Leipzig
31 MPI-SHH - Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
32 Genealogical Society of Ireland
33 Binghamton University [SUNY]
34 Genealogical Society of Ireland
35 University of Huddersfield
36 UNIPV - Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia
37 Institutul de Cercetari Biologice
38 Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics [Edinburgh, U.K.]
39 MRC - MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine
40 Yerevan State University
2 BROAD INSTITUTE - Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
3 Zinman Institute of Archaeology [Haifa]
4 Whitman College
5 SFU.ca - Simon Fraser University = Université Simon Fraser
6 HHMI - Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Boston]
7 UCD - University College Dublin [Dublin]
8 Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
9 Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
10 Emory University [Atlanta, GA]
11 OEB - Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge]
12 Department of Evolutionary Genetics
13 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins
14 UniFE - Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara
15 Department of Zoology [Cambridge]
16 University of Miskolc
17 Ethnologie préhistorique
18 NAS RA - National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan]
19 Penn Museum - University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
20 IAA - Israel Antiquities Authority
21 University of Winnipeg
22 Netherlands Institute in Turkey
23 UAIC - Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași = Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iași
24 Clinic of Endocrinology and Nephrology [Leipzig]
25 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
26 RCSI - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
27 Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF)
28 EGENODIA (GI3M) - Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283
29 Imperial College London
30 Universityhospital of Leipzig
31 MPI-SHH - Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
32 Genealogical Society of Ireland
33 Binghamton University [SUNY]
34 Genealogical Society of Ireland
35 University of Huddersfield
36 UNIPV - Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia
37 Institutul de Cercetari Biologice
38 Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics [Edinburgh, U.K.]
39 MRC - MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine
40 Yerevan State University
Iosif Lazaridis
- Fonction : Auteur
Songül Alpaslan Roodenberg
- Fonction : Auteur
Fanny Bocquentin
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 174201
- IdHAL : fanny-bocquentin
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0236-5081
- IdRef : 077192338
Matthias Blüher
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 766375
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0208-2065
Johannes Krause
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 773247
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9144-3920
Loic Yengo
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 937188
David Reich
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 929489
Résumé
We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ~12,000 and 1,400 bc, from Natufian hunter–gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a ‘Basal Eurasian’ lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages before their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter–gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter–gatherers of Europe to greatly reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those of Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia.
Domaines
Archéologie et Préhistoire| Origine | Fichiers éditeurs autorisés sur une archive ouverte |
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